Category: Proceedings

Contents

EDITOR’S NOTES	306
ORIGINAL ARTICLES	307
Introduction – Geological Pioneers in the Lake District	307
Jonathan Otley, Dr Alan Smith	309
Adam Sedgwick, Prof David Oldroyd	315
John Bolton, David Kelly	325
John Ruthven, Dr Alan Smith	329
Robert Harkness, Margaret Fox	333
James Clifton Ward, Dr Alan Smith	341
Henry Alleyne Nicholson, Dennis Dickins	349
John Goodchild and Frederick Trotter, Dr Angus Lunn	353
John Marr, Prof David Oldroyd	361
Alfred Harker, Alfred Harker	381
Edmund Garwood, Murray Mitchell	385
Thomas Hay, Chris Thompson	389
John Green, Margaret Bennett	395
Charles Edmonds, Mervyn Dodd	399
Tom Eastwood, Mervyn Dodd	403
Sydney Hollingworth, Dr Eric Robinson	407
George Mitchell, Dr David Millward and Dr Jack Soper	415
Francis J Monkhouse, Mervyn Dodd and Fred Lawton	421
Edgar Shackleton, Tom Shipp	425
EXCURSION NOTES	429
The Geomorphology of Aughertree Fell, Darrel Swift	429
Evolution of Mountain Summits in Northern Lake District	429
Roughten Gill and Silver Gill Mines	430
The Cockermouth Lavas and other features around Isel	433
The St Bees Sandstone above Barrowmouth	434
Hilton and Scordale Beck	436
The Rigs site at Beck Wythop	437
The Building stones of Keswick	438
The Carboniferous Limestone of Whitbarrow	438
Threlkeld Mining Museum and Quarry	440
Volcanic and Igneous Rocks in Wasdale	442
Geology of the Area around Floutern Tarn	443
List of other excursions held in 1998-99	448
LECTURE NOTES	449
The Geology of the Islay area, Angela Marchant and Margaret Fox	449
Gold mineralisation in the south eastern desert, Egypt	450
The metamorphic history of the Borrowdale Volcanic Group, north-west England, Dr Nicola Meler	451
The geology of the West Cumbria haematite deposits, Mervyn Dodd	455
The Iron Ore Mines of West Cumbria, Mervyn Dodd	457
The 1996 Vatnajokull eruption and Jokulhlaup, Dr Chris Hunt	460
Geophysical logging techniques, Chris Thompson	461
Geology and risk assessment, Dr Jeremy Dearlove	463
Geomorphology in the last millennium, Dr Jeff Warburton	467
Members Evening, The Ries Meteorite Crator, Angela Marchant; Iceland, Mervyn Dodd	472
From Laurussia with love… a tale of ancient cold wars, Dr Nick Riley	473
Short Lectures following the AGM	474
NOTE ON THE RECORD OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS, ANNUAL DINNERS, AND OBITUARY NOTICES	477
LIST OF SOCIETY OFFICERS AND COUNCIL – 1999 & 2000	478

Contents

Editor’s Notes	148
A Field Guide to the Penrith Sandstone in the northern part of the Vale of Eden, E Skipsey	149
Did the West Cumbrian hematite deposits form during the break up of the Pangean supercontinent?, Dr J Rowe	164
Thomas Hay, Lake District physiographer, Dr R Clark	171
Origin and significance of a Late Devensian meltwater channel system near Aughertree Fel, northern Cumbria, D Swift	183
The recent investigations into the Quaternary geology of West Cumbria, Dr R Clark & Dr A Smith	203
Building stones of some areas of West Cumbria, M Dodd, M Fox, K & Dr A Smith	226
EXCURSION NOTES	253
The Skiddaw Group in the Buttermere area, Dr Barry Webb	253
Geology of the Scawgill – Spout Force area, Dr Alan Smith	254
Limestone features of the eastern fringe of the Lake District, Tom Shipp	255
Glacigenic features and Coal Measures, Mockerkin and Dean Moor, Dr Mike McCormac	256
Geology of the south Solway coast (Maryport to Dubmil Point), Dennis Dickins	258
Sandstones and fluvial features of the lower Calder Valey, Mervyn Dodd & David Livesey	259
The Low Furness Ordovician Inlier, Dr Eric Johnson	262
The RIGS site at Aughertree Fell, Fred Lawton	265
The west Cumbrian iron ore field, Mervyn Dodd & David Kelly	266
The RIGS sites in Wasdale, David Livesey	269
The Lower Carboniferous in the Shap district, Eric Skipsey	270
Geology of the Sedbergh area, Alan Diggles	271
The RIGS sites at Crummock Water, Alan Smith	272
The Carboniferous and Permo-Triassic of west Cumbria, Mervyn Dodd & David Kelly	273
List of other excursions held in 1996-97	275
LECTURE NOTES	277
The Glacial Deposits of the North of England: The Engineers View, David Hughes	277
The Dynamic Landscape of Greenland, Will Higgs	280
Traces of laepetus – The disappearing ocean, Dr Phil Stone	281
Copper mines of the Lake District, Dave Bridge	284
The restoration of mineral workings, Dr David Kinsman	286
CGS Lectures at Tullie House, CGS Members	288
North Sea oil and gas, Dr Richard Swarbrick	289
Rocks and Glaciers in Arctic Norway, Tom Shipp	291
Deep geology and fault re-activation in northern England, Dr Andy Chadwick	293
Minerals of Cumbria and the North Pennines: A brief collecting guide, Tony Rigby	295
The Pattern of English Building, Prof E. Robinson	297
Annual General Meetings, 1997-98	299
Annual Dinners, 1996-97	299
Obituaries	300
Donations	301
LIST OF SOCIETY OFFICERS AND COUNCIL – 1997 & 1998	302

Contents

EDITORIAL	179
An illustrated guide to the Silurian (Ludlow) crinoids of the Southern Lake District Stephen K. Donovan and David N. Lewis	180
Alfred Wainwright and Lakeland Geology Alan Smith	192
Cosmogenic isotope surface exposure dating of glacial landforms in Cumbria Peter Wilson	203
Some Coal Measures exposures at Whitehaven David Kelly, Fred Lawton, David Steele	233
Excursion Reports 2012	243
Excursion Reports 2013	248
Lecture Meetings 2011-12	267
Lecture Meetings 2012-13	268
Lecture Meetings 2013-14	270
Annual Dinners	271
Annual General Meetings 2013 & 2014	271
Obituaries	272
Officers and Council	275

Contents
Editor’s Notes	4
ORIGINAL ARTICLES	5
White Limestone deposition in north-west Cumbria, A. D. Thurlow	5
Cumbria Rigs Group, M. Dodd	35
Book Review – The structure and evolution of the Northumberland-Solway Basin and adjacent areas,  E. Skipsey	41
Alluvial fans in the Buttermere-Crummock Valley, Dr A. Smith	47
EXCURSION NOTES	63
Sedimentary variations in the Fifth to White Limestones – A. Thurlow	63
The graptolites of Dobb’s.Linn – Dr. E. N. Clarkson & C. Taylor	67
The Skiddaw Group above Loweswater – M. Dodd	69
Silurian and Carboniferous rocks in the Langholm area – I. Gray	70
Upper Carboniferous of the Cockermouth area – M. Boland	73
Carboniferous Limestone exposures along the Dalton-in-Furness by-pass – D. Leviston	75
The St Bees Sandstone at Hawcoat Quarry – B. Neil	77
The Windermere Group in the Troutbeck area – Dr A. Bell	80
Glacial sediments around St Bees – J. Merritt	82
Mineral deposits of the Coniston Coppermines Valley – B. Young	84
Geology from the Cycleway – M. Dodd	87
Glacial landforms of the Western Pennines – Dr W.Mitchell	89
The Latterbarrow Sandstone – D. Kelly	91
The Geology of the Vale of Eden – E. Skipsey & Dr S.Munro	94
Ashfell Edge – A. Day	99
List of other excursions held in 1994 – 1995	101
LECTURE NOTES
The geology and scenery of north-west Scotland – Joe Crossley	103
Geological aspects of the A66 trunk road improvement – David O’Farrell	106
The recent geological investigations around the Sellafield area – Dr Bob Chaplow	108
Current thoughts on the Coal Measures in Cumbria – Dennis Dickins	112
Plate tectonics, volcanic islands & pygmy elephants – Dr Martyn Pedley	114
Quaternary landforms of Upper Edenside – Dr Wishart Mitchell	118
The glaciation of the northern Pennines – Dr Angus Lunn	120
Holes in the ground – Ian Williamson	125
Geological mapping and prospecting from space – Dr John Moore	126
Problems in the reconstruction of past climates –  Margaret Fox	130
Palaeokarst, pits and problems – Dr Peter Vincent	134
Progress of survey mapping in West Cumbria – Mike McCormac	136
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS – 1995 & 1996	139
ANNUAL DINNERS – 1994 & 1995	139
OBITUARIES	140
SOCIETY BEQUESTS	142
LIST OF SOCIETY OFFICERS AND COUNCIL – 1995 & 1996	143

Contents
Editorial	279
Towards an integrated model for hematite mineralization at the margins of the East Irish sea basin. Stephen F Crowley	280
How tough are the Lake District’s accretionary lapilli? Clive Boulter	326
A note on the occurrence and characteristics of small-scale sorted patterened ground in tarn-bed gravels at Beck Head, western Lake District. Peter Wilson	335
Landforms, tectonics and mines of the Hartley Fell side. Noel Pearson	343
Local Geological Sites (LGS) and the work of the Cumbria Geoconservation Group (CGC). Sylvia Woodhead	361
Field research projects	365
Excursion reports 2014	377
Excursion reports 2015	385
Lecture meetings winter 2014/15	398
Lecture meetings winter 2015/16	399
Annual dinners	400
Officers and council of the society	401
Obituary	403

Contents

Editor’s Notes	404
Origin of Limestone Pavements	405
The Conservation of Limestone Pavements	413
Conflicting Interpretations of Glacial Sediments and Landforms in Cumbria	419
The Skiddaw Massif Problem	437
The Last 200 Million Years in Cumbria	449
Geology in the Churchyard	457
The Vale of Chipping and Trough of Bowland, Dr. N. Aitkenhead	463
The Borrowdale Volcanic Group in the upper Calder Valley, D. Kelly	467
Westphalian sedimentology of the Whitehaven/Lowca area, Dr. N. S. Jones & Dr. P. D. Guion	469
Upper Teesdale, E. Skipsey	473
Controversial Irish Sea glacial models, Dr. D. Huddart	476
Kinniside Lead Mine, M. Dodd	481
The Permo-Triassic Rocks of the Eden Valley, Dr. L. Macchi	483
Mineralisation in the Caldbeck Fells, B. Young	486
The Seventh Limestone at Frizington Park Quarry, A. Thurlow	490
B. V. G. Rocks in Lingmoor Area of Langdale, Dr. F. Moseley	493
Civil Engineering Geology Along A66 Trunk Road, J. Cockersole	496
Other Excursions Held During 1992 & 1993	499
North Sea hydrocarbon plays, Dr. S. Brown	501
The challenge of the Lake District’s big landforms, Dr. R. Clark	502
Lake District Vulcanism: caldera cycles & crustal extension, Dr. D.Millward	505
Gypsum caves and subsidence, Dr. A. H. Cooper	507
Mineral heritage of the north, B. Young	509
Volcanoes ancient & modern, Dr. R. J. Suthren	511
Hot dry rock geothermal energy research, Dr. H. G. Richards	514
Rise & fall of Ordovician Volcanic island arc, Dr. E. W. Johnson	515
The Building stones of Cartmel Priory, M. Mitchell	518
Geological mapping & photogeology in the Lake District, Dr. F. Moseley	520
Modern desert sedimentary environments, Dr L. Macchi	523
Other Talks	525
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS – 1993 &1994	526
ANNUAL DINNERS – 1992 & 1993	526
OBITUARIES	527
LIST OF SOCIETY OFFICERS AND COUNCIL – 1993 & 1994	527