Category: Proceedings

Contents
Editor’s Notes	4
ORIGINAL ARTICLES	5
White Limestone deposition in north-west Cumbria, A. D. Thurlow	5
Cumbria Rigs Group, M. Dodd	35
Book Review – The structure and evolution of the Northumberland-Solway Basin and adjacent areas,  E. Skipsey	41
Alluvial fans in the Buttermere-Crummock Valley, Dr A. Smith	47
EXCURSION NOTES	63
Sedimentary variations in the Fifth to White Limestones – A. Thurlow	63
The graptolites of Dobb’s.Linn – Dr. E. N. Clarkson & C. Taylor	67
The Skiddaw Group above Loweswater – M. Dodd	69
Silurian and Carboniferous rocks in the Langholm area – I. Gray	70
Upper Carboniferous of the Cockermouth area – M. Boland	73
Carboniferous Limestone exposures along the Dalton-in-Furness by-pass – D. Leviston	75
The St Bees Sandstone at Hawcoat Quarry – B. Neil	77
The Windermere Group in the Troutbeck area – Dr A. Bell	80
Glacial sediments around St Bees – J. Merritt	82
Mineral deposits of the Coniston Coppermines Valley – B. Young	84
Geology from the Cycleway – M. Dodd	87
Glacial landforms of the Western Pennines – Dr W.Mitchell	89
The Latterbarrow Sandstone – D. Kelly	91
The Geology of the Vale of Eden – E. Skipsey & Dr S.Munro	94
Ashfell Edge – A. Day	99
List of other excursions held in 1994 – 1995	101
LECTURE NOTES
The geology and scenery of north-west Scotland – Joe Crossley	103
Geological aspects of the A66 trunk road improvement – David O’Farrell	106
The recent geological investigations around the Sellafield area – Dr Bob Chaplow	108
Current thoughts on the Coal Measures in Cumbria – Dennis Dickins	112
Plate tectonics, volcanic islands & pygmy elephants – Dr Martyn Pedley	114
Quaternary landforms of Upper Edenside – Dr Wishart Mitchell	118
The glaciation of the northern Pennines – Dr Angus Lunn	120
Holes in the ground – Ian Williamson	125
Geological mapping and prospecting from space – Dr John Moore	126
Problems in the reconstruction of past climates –  Margaret Fox	130
Palaeokarst, pits and problems – Dr Peter Vincent	134
Progress of survey mapping in West Cumbria – Mike McCormac	136
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS – 1995 & 1996	139
ANNUAL DINNERS – 1994 & 1995	139
OBITUARIES	140
SOCIETY BEQUESTS	142
LIST OF SOCIETY OFFICERS AND COUNCIL – 1995 & 1996	143

Contents
Editorial	279
Towards an integrated model for hematite mineralization at the margins of the East Irish sea basin. Stephen F Crowley	280
How tough are the Lake District’s accretionary lapilli? Clive Boulter	326
A note on the occurrence and characteristics of small-scale sorted patterened ground in tarn-bed gravels at Beck Head, western Lake District. Peter Wilson	335
Landforms, tectonics and mines of the Hartley Fell side. Noel Pearson	343
Local Geological Sites (LGS) and the work of the Cumbria Geoconservation Group (CGC). Sylvia Woodhead	361
Field research projects	365
Excursion reports 2014	377
Excursion reports 2015	385
Lecture meetings winter 2014/15	398
Lecture meetings winter 2015/16	399
Annual dinners	400
Officers and council of the society	401
Obituary	403

Contents

Editor’s Notes	404
Origin of Limestone Pavements	405
The Conservation of Limestone Pavements	413
Conflicting Interpretations of Glacial Sediments and Landforms in Cumbria	419
The Skiddaw Massif Problem	437
The Last 200 Million Years in Cumbria	449
Geology in the Churchyard	457
The Vale of Chipping and Trough of Bowland, Dr. N. Aitkenhead	463
The Borrowdale Volcanic Group in the upper Calder Valley, D. Kelly	467
Westphalian sedimentology of the Whitehaven/Lowca area, Dr. N. S. Jones & Dr. P. D. Guion	469
Upper Teesdale, E. Skipsey	473
Controversial Irish Sea glacial models, Dr. D. Huddart	476
Kinniside Lead Mine, M. Dodd	481
The Permo-Triassic Rocks of the Eden Valley, Dr. L. Macchi	483
Mineralisation in the Caldbeck Fells, B. Young	486
The Seventh Limestone at Frizington Park Quarry, A. Thurlow	490
B. V. G. Rocks in Lingmoor Area of Langdale, Dr. F. Moseley	493
Civil Engineering Geology Along A66 Trunk Road, J. Cockersole	496
Other Excursions Held During 1992 & 1993	499
North Sea hydrocarbon plays, Dr. S. Brown	501
The challenge of the Lake District’s big landforms, Dr. R. Clark	502
Lake District Vulcanism: caldera cycles & crustal extension, Dr. D.Millward	505
Gypsum caves and subsidence, Dr. A. H. Cooper	507
Mineral heritage of the north, B. Young	509
Volcanoes ancient & modern, Dr. R. J. Suthren	511
Hot dry rock geothermal energy research, Dr. H. G. Richards	514
Rise & fall of Ordovician Volcanic island arc, Dr. E. W. Johnson	515
The Building stones of Cartmel Priory, M. Mitchell	518
Geological mapping & photogeology in the Lake District, Dr. F. Moseley	520
Modern desert sedimentary environments, Dr L. Macchi	523
Other Talks	525
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS – 1993 &1994	526
ANNUAL DINNERS – 1992 & 1993	526
OBITUARIES	527
LIST OF SOCIETY OFFICERS AND COUNCIL – 1993 & 1994	527

Contents

Editor’s Note	128
The Scar Limestone at Faulds Brow Quarry, Caldbeck; Dr.S. Kershaw & D. Gaudoin	129
Recent developments concerning the Borrowdale Volcanic Group; Dr M.G. Petterson	151
The depositional environment & dune morphology of the Penrith Sandstone; Dr.F.J. Cockersole	169
On the last glaciation of Cumbria; Dr.R. Clark	187
Excursion to the Bewcastle area, N. Cumbria; Mr.I. Gray	209
Mineralisation in the Vale of Newlands; Mr.B. Young	211
Volcanic rocks in Wasdale; Dr.M.G. Petterson	213
Glacial & fluvial sediments in Mosedale, South of Threlkeld; Dr.J. Boardman	215
Limestone quarries near Moota; Mr. F. Lawton & Mr. M. Sanderson	217
Glacial landforms & sediments in Swindale – Dr.A.G. Lunn	218
Landscapes & rocks in the Eycott Hill & Carrock Fell areas; Dr.R. Clark	220
The Skiddaw Group of Causey Pike; Dr.A.H. Cooper	222
Geology of the Helsington/Levens area; Mr.A.S. Day	231
Sedimentology of the St. Bees sandstone, W. Cumbria; Dr.B.Waugh	233
Aspects of carbonate deposition in the Caribbean; Dr.D.Bosence	235
Aspects of the geology of the Isle of Man; Mr. E.Skipsey	237
Presidential address: Geology in cold climates; Mr.T. Shipp	239
Geological mapping from space; Dr.J.McM.Moore	251
The work of B.G.S. in Northern England; Mr.B.Young	252
The Dalradian rocks of Donegal; Dr.A.Bell	254
OBITUARIES	257
ANNUAL DINNERS – 1988 and 1989	258
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS – 1988 and 1989	259
LISTS OF OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY – 1988 and 1989	259
EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING -1990	260

Contents

Editor’s Note	4
The Geology and Mineralisation of the Force Crag Mine, Cumbria, B. Young and Dr.A.H. Cooper	5
Wavellite and Variscite from Scar Crag Cobalt Mine, Cumbria, B. Young	13
Pattern & Order in the Lake District Landscape, Dr.R. Clark	17
The Solway Basin: its evolution and energy potential, E. Skipsey	35
The Skiddaw Group near Loweswater, Dr.P.M. Allen	47
Excursion to the Kirkby-in-Furness area, D. Kelly	49
Excursion to Hawkshead Hill and Appletreeworth, Dr.J.D. Gunner	52
Geology of the Walna Scar area, D. Leviston	53
Excursion to Wanlockhead, E. Smithson	54
Granophyre-Granite-B.V.G. boundaries in Wasdale, F. Jones	55
Glacial and periglacial geomorphology around Keswick, Dr.J. Boardman	58
Excursion to Langholm and Newcastleton areas, I. Gray	61
Alston Moor glaciation, Dr.A.G. Lunn	64
Excursion to Eskdale and Birker Fell, Dr.E.W. Johnson	64
Field Excursion to Shap Wells district, E. Skipsey	70
The Volcanics of Upper Eskdale, Dr.D. MilIward	71
The Cross Fell Inlier, Dr.R.C. Wright	75
The Lower Carboniferous near Orton, A. Day	78
The old mines of the Roughton Gill valley, F. Lawton and M. Sanderson	81
Glacial, periglacial and other features in Dovedale and at Little Hart Crag, Dr.R. Clark	82
The Evolution of Northern England during the Permian Period, Dr.D.B. Smith	90
The Geochemical Evolution and Geothermal Potential of U.K. Granites with particular reference to the Lake District, Prof.G.C. Brown	92
Facies variations within the Basal Lower Carboniferous clastic rocks in East Cumbria, Dr.R.N. Kimber	98
Rocks, relief and glaciation in the Lake District, Dr. R. A. Smith	106
The Lakes and Tarns of Cumbria, Dr R.A. Smith	110
Caldera Volcanoes past and future, Dr. R. Macdonald	112
Some aspects of the Geology and Geography of Svalbard, T. Shipp	113
OBITUARIES	121
ANNUAL DINNERS, 1986 and 1987	121
ACCOUNTS, 1986 and 1987	122
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS, 1987 and 1988	124
LISTS OF OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1987 and 1988	124

Contents

Editor’s Note	Page 360
The use of Aerial Photographs in Lake District Geology, Dr. F. Moseley	361
Lake District Highlands and Islands during the Upper Palaeozoic, Mr. R.N. Kimber & Dr.G.A.L.Johnson	377
A Seismic Refraction Survey for Hematite near Beckermet, Cumbria, Dr.C.D.V.Wilson	391
Wulfenite from Ruthwaite Lodge, Grisedale – a new Lake District occurrence, Mr.B.Young	403
Comments on Sir Kingsley Dunham’s Paper: Age and Origin of the Cumbrian Hematite (C.G.S.Proceedings,Vol.4,pt.3), Dr.A.M. Evans	405
Notes on the Cumbrian Hematite, Dr.G.A. Schnellmann	407
Mines of the Newlands Valley	410
Moresby & Keekle Opencast Coal Site	411
The Plumbago Mines of Seathwaite in Borrowdale	413
Geology of Kielder Reservoir	414
Coniston Copper Mines	417
Excursion to the Skiddaw Group, Hope Beck	419
Mineral Deposits of the Alston Area	421
The Lower Carboniferous of the Orton Scar Area	425
The ‘Submerged Forest’ near Allonby	427
Geological Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal	429
A Mini-lecture Evening	432
Aspects of Metalliferous Mineralization in the Lake District	434
The Geology of East Lothian	437
The Geology of East Lothian	439
Ordovician Stratovolcanoes in the Duddon Valley	442
Hematite Mining in Cumbria	445
Diagenesis of Limestone with special reference to the Carboniferous Limestones of South Cumbria	448
Ostracods and their Geological Uses	454
The Geological Evolution of the Earth-like Planets	461
Glaciation with special reference to the Lake District	464
Mineral Identification and the Importance of Collecting	467
Report on Recent Investigations in the Lake District by The British Geological Survey	470
Geological Fieldwork in Arctic Norway	474
OBITUARIES	478
ANNUAL DINNER, 1984. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, 1985	480
ANNUAL DINNER, 1985. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, 1986	482
TOURIST REPORT FROM C.G.S. MEMBER – Shetland Isles	484