Proceedings 1992-93 Part 4

These proceedings ran from 1962 to 2019 before being replaced by our newest publication The Cumberland Geologist. Each Proceedings has been digitized and made searchable.

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed within the Proceedings are solely the author’s and do not reflect the opinions and beliefs of the website or its affiliates. Localities visited may no longer be accessible. Rules regarding collection of fossil and mineral samples mentioned in the publication may have changed.

Contents

Editor’s Notes404
Origin of Limestone Pavements405
The Conservation of Limestone Pavements413
Conflicting Interpretations of Glacial Sediments and Landforms in Cumbria419
The Skiddaw Massif Problem437
The Last 200 Million Years in Cumbria449
Geology in the Churchyard457
The Vale of Chipping and Trough of Bowland, Dr. N. Aitkenhead463
The Borrowdale Volcanic Group in the upper Calder Valley, D. Kelly467
Westphalian sedimentology of the Whitehaven/Lowca area, Dr. N. S. Jones & Dr. P. D. Guion469
Upper Teesdale, E. Skipsey473
Controversial Irish Sea glacial models, Dr. D. Huddart476
Kinniside Lead Mine, M. Dodd481
The Permo-Triassic Rocks of the Eden Valley, Dr. L. Macchi483
Mineralisation in the Caldbeck Fells, B. Young486
The Seventh Limestone at Frizington Park Quarry, A. Thurlow490
B. V. G. Rocks in Lingmoor Area of Langdale, Dr. F. Moseley493
Civil Engineering Geology Along A66 Trunk Road, J. Cockersole496
Other Excursions Held During 1992 & 1993499
North Sea hydrocarbon plays, Dr. S. Brown501
The challenge of the Lake District’s big landforms, Dr. R. Clark502
Lake District Vulcanism: caldera cycles & crustal extension, Dr. D.Millward505
Gypsum caves and subsidence, Dr. A. H. Cooper507
Mineral heritage of the north, B. Young509
Volcanoes ancient & modern, Dr. R. J. Suthren511
Hot dry rock geothermal energy research, Dr. H. G. Richards514
Rise & fall of Ordovician Volcanic island arc, Dr. E. W. Johnson515
The Building stones of Cartmel Priory, M. Mitchell518
Geological mapping & photogeology in the Lake District, Dr. F. Moseley520
Modern desert sedimentary environments, Dr L. Macchi523
Other Talks525
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS – 1993 &1994526
ANNUAL DINNERS – 1992 & 1993526
OBITUARIES527
LIST OF SOCIETY OFFICERS AND COUNCIL – 1993 & 1994527

Event Reminder: AGM plus talk on Himalayan Geology

WHEN

Wednesday, 12 March, 2025 starts at 19:30

WHERE

Crosthwaite Parish Rooms
Main Street
Keswick
CA12 5NN

DETAILS

AGM

The society’s AGM will be transacted as swiftly as possible.

Following the AGM we have a talk

Unravelling Himalayan Geology through time

Nilgiri
Nilgiri

Speaker: Danny Clarke-Lowes

In this talk Danny will take us through the mountains and explain how scientists worked out their evolution; how work undertaken in the 19th C. by the Great Trigonometrical Survey of the British Raj gave us an understanding of the nature of the roots of the mountain chain; how engineers of the East Inda Company searching in Siwaliks sandstones made discoveries of sabre-tooth tigers that helped Darwin with his theory of evolution; how Sir Richard Strachey, undertaking the first geological traverse of the mountain chain and observing dramatic folds and faults, realised that great compressive forces had been at work; how members of the Geological Survey of India, recording the continent’s coal deposits, worked out that India had once been part of a southern continent which they called Gondwana; how the Survey geologists also recorded fossil evidence indicating the rocks of the mountains had once been under the sea; how the Swiss brought understanding of nappes and thrusts to the Himalaya and how they recognised ophiolites in the northern regions of the mountain chain, indicating the former existence of an ocean, the dense foundations of which are now crumpled up in the heights; and finally how British scientists worked out how inverted isograds (upside down metamorphic gradients) were the result of ‘channel flow’ (partial melting and ductile flow in the mid crust) and how lateral contraction of the mountain chain was achieved by stacking of thrust sheets. Through these observations and deductions they came to understand a classic example of a continent-continent collisional plate margin.

Danny Clark-Lowes is a geologist with over 45 years’ experience who has worked in numerous locations around the world including arctic east Siberia. He worked for a number of oil companies, including Shell, before founding Nubian Consulting to focus on the geology of North Africa, particularly Libya. He is the author of numerous scientific publications and books. He is a keen mountaineer who has climbed in the Swiss Alps and in the Himalayas where he has led many geological and trekking trips over the last seven years. His book ‘A Geological Field Guide to the Himalaya, in India, Nepal, Bhutan and Tibet’ was published in November 2022 by the Geologists’ Association (Guide No 76). He is also active with the U3A (University of the Third Age) with which he runs Geology Field Trips in the Lake District.

Dhaulagiri
Dhaulagiri

Event Reminder: An update on geological investigations to underpin development of the UK GDF *PLEASE NOTE REVISED MEETING ARRANGEMENTS*

WHEN

Wednesday, 12 February, 2025 starts at 19:30

WHERE

Click here to open Teams Meeting




DETAILS

Speaker: Dr David Schofield

*Please note that there’s been a change to the meeting arrangements.* This meeting will now be held via Microsoft Teams. You don’t need a Teams account. You will be able to join by using the link above – the meeting will open in your browser in a similar way to Zoom.

Meeting opens at 19:20, 10 minutes before scheduled start.

Details if prompted:

Meeting ID: 339 826 984 49

Passcode: hU9Fr3UH

Dr David Schofield is the Chief Geologist at Nuclear Waste Services. He is a  Chartered Geologist with over 27 years professional experience much of which has been spent in the survey geology and international development fields. Throughout this experience David has contributed to geological aspects of a number of nuclear sector safety cases including leading a significant task withing the National Geological Screening process as part of the current Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) development.

Illustrative example of a GDF © gov.uk

 

Event Reminder: An update on geological investigations to underpin development of the UK GDF

WHEN

Wednesday, 12 February, 2025 starts at 19:30

WHERE

Click here to open Teams Meeting




DETAILS

Speaker: Dr David Schofield

*Please note that there’s been a change to the meeting arrangements.* This meeting will now be held via Microsoft Teams. You don’t need a Teams account. You will be able to join by using the link above – the meeting will open in your browser in a similar way to Zoom.

Meeting opens at 19:20, 10 minutes before scheduled start.

Details if prompted:

Meeting ID: 339 826 984 49

Passcode: hU9Fr3UH

Dr David Schofield is the Chief Geologist at Nuclear Waste Services. He is a  Chartered Geologist with over 27 years professional experience much of which has been spent in the survey geology and international development fields. Throughout this experience David has contributed to geological aspects of a number of nuclear sector safety cases including leading a significant task withing the National Geological Screening process as part of the current Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) development.

Illustrative example of a GDF © gov.uk

 

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