Proceedings 1990-91 Part 3
These proceedings ran from 1962 to 2019 before being replaced by our newest publication The Cumberland Geologist. Each Proceedings has been digitized and made searchable.
Disclaimer: Opinions expressed within the Proceedings are solely the author’s and do not reflect the opinions and beliefs of the website or its affiliates. Localities visited may no longer be accessible. Rules regarding collection of fossil and mineral samples mentioned in the publication may have changed.
Contents
| Editor’s Notes | 264 |
| Dinantian carbonate cycles of west Cumbria, Dr. G.A.L. Johnson | 265 |
| Quaternary landscape evolution in the Lake District, Dr. J. Boardman | 285 |
| Sellafield geological investigation: a deep site investigation for a potential radioactive waste repository, C.J. Thompson | 317 |
| A possible late incursion of Scottish ice into N.Cumbria, Dr. R. Clark | 327 |
| Recent B.G.S. work in Cumbria, B. Young | 331 |
| Geology of the western slopes of Cross Fell, Dr. R. C. Wright | 335 |
| Metamorphic rocks of the Skiddaw granite aureole, Mrs A. C.Marchant | 341 |
| Borrowdale Volcanic rocks of the Borrowdale area, Dr. R.A. Smith | 342 |
| Coal Measures of W. Cumbria – D.Dickens, Dr. P. Guion & N.Jones | 344 |
| Rocks of the Armathwaite district, E. Skipsey | 347 |
| Geology of Keltonfell Top, Kirkland, M.B. Dodd | 349 |
| Honister Crag & Yew Crag slate quarries, A.D. Cameron | 351 |
| Geology of the area south of Torver, D. Kelly | 353 |
| Glaciation of Low Furness, Dr. R. Clark | 355 |
| Permian rocks of the N. Solway basin, Dr.S.K. Monro | 358 |
| Cleator Moor coal & haematite mines, M.B. Dodd | 360 |
| Skiddaw Group of Watch Hill & Sale Fell, Dr. R. Hughes | 361 |
| Geology of the Lowther valley, T. Shipp | 364 |
| Presidential Address: A geologist in the Falkland Islands, T. Shipp | 367 |
| Sedimentation in Cumbrian lakes, Dr. R.A.Smith | 376 |
| The last glaciation in Cumbria, Dr. R. Clark | 378 |
| Recent advances in the understanding of the Skiddaw Group, Dr. R. Hughes | 380 |
| Hydrocarbon exploration in the Manx basin, Dr. D.E. Jackson | 382 |
| Minerals of the Caldbeck Fells, Dr. M. Cooper | 384 |
| Shap granite, Dr. D. W. Williams | 386 |
| Evolution of the Lake District landscape, Dr. J. Boardman | 387 |
| Nuclear waste disposal & Ordovician volcanics, Dr. M. G. Petterson | 387 |
| R.I.G.S. in Cumbria, E. Skipsey | 390 |
| Obituaries | 392 |
| Annual Dinners 1990-91 | 399 |
| Annual General Meetings 1991-92 | 400 |
2024 Financial Report Available
In advance of the AGM, members attention is drawn to the 2024 Financial report which is now available on the website in the Membership Financial Reports page.
Other papers for the AGM were included in the Spring Newsletter CGS_Spring_Newsletter_2025
Event Reminder: AGM plus talk on Himalayan Geology
WHEN
Wednesday, 12 March, 2025 starts at 19:30
WHERE
Crosthwaite Parish Rooms
Main Street
Keswick
CA12 5NN
DETAILS
AGM
The society’s AGM will be transacted as swiftly as possible.
Following the AGM we have a talk
Unravelling Himalayan Geology through time
Speaker: Danny Clarke-Lowes
In this talk Danny will take us through the mountains and explain how scientists worked out their evolution; how work undertaken in the 19th C. by the Great Trigonometrical Survey of the British Raj gave us an understanding of the nature of the roots of the mountain chain; how engineers of the East Inda Company searching in Siwaliks sandstones made discoveries of sabre-tooth tigers that helped Darwin with his theory of evolution; how Sir Richard Strachey, undertaking the first geological traverse of the mountain chain and observing dramatic folds and faults, realised that great compressive forces had been at work; how members of the Geological Survey of India, recording the continent’s coal deposits, worked out that India had once been part of a southern continent which they called Gondwana; how the Survey geologists also recorded fossil evidence indicating the rocks of the mountains had once been under the sea; how the Swiss brought understanding of nappes and thrusts to the Himalaya and how they recognised ophiolites in the northern regions of the mountain chain, indicating the former existence of an ocean, the dense foundations of which are now crumpled up in the heights; and finally how British scientists worked out how inverted isograds (upside down metamorphic gradients) were the result of ‘channel flow’ (partial melting and ductile flow in the mid crust) and how lateral contraction of the mountain chain was achieved by stacking of thrust sheets. Through these observations and deductions they came to understand a classic example of a continent-continent collisional plate margin.
Danny Clark-Lowes is a geologist with over 45 years’ experience who has worked in numerous locations around the world including arctic east Siberia. He worked for a number of oil companies, including Shell, before founding Nubian Consulting to focus on the geology of North Africa, particularly Libya. He is the author of numerous scientific publications and books. He is a keen mountaineer who has climbed in the Swiss Alps and in the Himalayas where he has led many geological and trekking trips over the last seven years. His book ‘A Geological Field Guide to the Himalaya, in India, Nepal, Bhutan and Tibet’ was published in November 2022 by the Geologists’ Association (Guide No 76). He is also active with the U3A (University of the Third Age) with which he runs Geology Field Trips in the Lake District.
Event Recording Exploring the evidence for Snowball Earth in Scotland and the North Atlantic region
Event Reminder: An update on geological investigations to underpin development of the UK GDF *PLEASE NOTE REVISED MEETING ARRANGEMENTS*
WHEN
Wednesday, 12 February, 2025 starts at 19:30
WHERE
Click here to open Teams Meeting
DETAILS
Speaker: Dr David Schofield
*Please note that there’s been a change to the meeting arrangements.* This meeting will now be held via Microsoft Teams. You don’t need a Teams account. You will be able to join by using the link above – the meeting will open in your browser in a similar way to Zoom.
Meeting opens at 19:20, 10 minutes before scheduled start.
Details if prompted:
Meeting ID:Â 339 826 984 49
Passcode:Â hU9Fr3UH
Dr David Schofield is the Chief Geologist at Nuclear Waste Services. He is a Chartered Geologist with over 27 years professional experience much of which has been spent in the survey geology and international development fields. Throughout this experience David has contributed to geological aspects of a number of nuclear sector safety cases including leading a significant task withing the National Geological Screening process as part of the current Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) development.
Illustrative example of a GDF © gov.uk





