News

Contents

EDITOR’S NOTES	145
ORIGINAL ARTICLES	146
Multum ex parvo: graptolites from Threlkeld Quarry and their implications, DrA. W. A. Rushton	146
The fossils collected during John Bolton’s marathon search at Rosside, Dr A. W. A. Rushton and Dr P. Shepherd.	154
On identifying frontal positions of Lake District valley glaciers, Dr R. P. K. Clark	162
FIELDWORK REPORTS	177
The Geology of the Northern Marginal Zone complex on the isle of Rum, 177 Scotland, Edward Loffill	177
Late Devensian outwash environments in the Tyne Valley: Preliminary investigations., Lynda Yorke	179
Biological responses and environmental change across the Carboniferous boundary, Rejmyrefjellet, Templefjorden, Svarlbard, Tom Chailands.	184
EXCURSION REPORTS 2004	190
Chalk Beck Quarries, East Curthwaite, David Powell	190
Sale Fell: minette intrusion and Skiddaw Group, David Livesey	192
The Coal Measures south of Whitehaven Harbour, David Kelly and John Brown	193
The submerged forest on Allonby beach, Fred Lawton	194
The Namurian rocks and mineralisation around Alston, Dr Charlotte Vye and Dr Stu Clarke	195
Force Crag Mine, Coledale, Penny Webb	199
The Borrowdale Volcanics of upper Wasdale and lllgill Head, Dr Alan Smith	207
The Howk, Caldbeck, Anne Freeland and Susan Beale	211
EXCURSIONS REPORTS 2005	212
The Borrowdale Volcanic Group at Water Crag, Wastwater, David Kelly	212
Fossil hunt at White Horse, Broad End, Skiddaw Massif, Dr Alan Smith	213
North Pennine Carboniferous at Hallbankgate and the Great Whin Sill quarry at Midgeholme, Judy Suddaby	229
Skiddaw Group geology, Dr Adrian Rushton	230
Raise Beck, Dunmail Raise, Dr Richard Johnson	231
Geology of the Kirkbeck Valley, Mervyn Dodd and Michael Forsdyke	233
Mineralisation in the Caldbeck Fells, Brian Young	236
Geology of the northern part of High Rigg, Dr Alan Smith	237
Other excursion held in 2005	238
LECTURE REPORTS 2004 – 2005	239
Remote sensing and fieldwork on active volcanoes, Professor Harry Pinkerton	239
The Burgess Shale fauna: new light on theories of evolution, Professor Simon Conway Morris	241
Other lectures held in 2004 – 2005	242

Contents

EDITOR’S NOTES	5
ORIGINAL ARTICLES	6
A message from the Labyrinth, Trinity Gardens, Whitehaven, Dr E. Robinson	6
Rock slope failure in the Lake District: a preliminary report of ongoing research, Dr P. Wilson, Dr R. P. K. Clark and Dr R. A. Smith	13
How old is the Lake District landscape? Dr R. P. K. Clark	37
The distinctiveness of the southern Lake District landscape, Dr R. P. K. Clark	46
EXCURSION REPORTS 2002	58
Geology of the area around Nethertown, David Kelly	58
Geology of Dodd Wood, Dr Alan Smith	59
Silurian and Carboniferous rocks of the Langholm area, Iver Gray	62
The geology of Bowness Point, Mervyn Dodd	64
The Quaternary deposits of the Furness Peninsula, Derek Leviston	66
Silurian rocks south of Torver, David Kell	70
Rocks and scenery of the Nannycatch Gorge, David Livesey	71
Other excursion held in 2002	72
EXCURSIONS REPORTS 2003	73
The lower Borrowdale Volcanic Group succession on Falcon Crag and Brown Knotts, Dr Alan Smith	73
Mousegill Quarry near Wilton, Egremont, Mervyn Dodd	78
Permian brockrams and sandstones in the Eden valley, Dr Gordon Taylor	82
Upper Wasdale, David Livesey	83
List of other excursions held in 2003	84
LECTURE REPORTS 2002 – 2003	85
History of women in geology, Dr Cynthia Burek	85
Cyprus: life at the edge, Dr Trevor Morse	86
Life: an unauthorised biography, Prof Richard Fortey	89
A geologist in the Canadian Rockies, Derek Leviston	91
Volcanoes in the landscape, Dr Alan Smith	101
The Coniston copper mines, Nigel Courtman	103
James Hutton: founder of modern geology, Norman Butcher	105
LECTURE REPORTS 2003 – 2004	107
Hydrocarbon recovery, Dr Jim Riding	107
Early mining in the Lake District, David Bridge	109
The Iceland Excursion, Nigel Courtman	111
The geology of the Canary Islands, Dr Alan Smith	113
West Cumbrian vernacular architecture, David Grech	115
Skiddaw Slates – fossils, facts and fallacies, Dr Adrian Rushton	116
Other lecture held in 2003 – 2004	120
REVIEWS	121
NOTE ON THE NETHERTOWN SEA DEFENCES	128
OBITUARY NOTICES	130
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS	131
ANNUAL DINNERS	132
THE SOCIETY SMALL AWARDS FOR STUDENTS	133
LIST OF SOCIETY OFFICERS AND COUNCIL – 2003 and 2004	134

Contents

EDITOR’S NOTES	484
A thermal contraction crack in bedrock at Braithwaite, Cumbria D. K. Farrow, M. G. Burnley, S. P. Oxford and A. Palmer	485
Garrigill: evidence of global warming, ancient and modern, Dr B. Webb	497
Building and decorative stones in Whitehaven, M. Fox	505
The building stones of Penrith and district, E. Skipsey	511
The Bowder Stone, Grange-in-Borrowdale, Cumbria, Dr R. A. Smith	525
On the genesis of shear-zone-hosted gold mineralisation in south Eastern Desert, Egypt, Dr W. E. G. Taylor & Dr Y. A. El Kazzaz	540
The Solway region in the late Pleistocene, Dr R. P. K. Clark	553
EXCURSION REPORTS	587
Borrowdale Volcanic Group rocks in Cat Gill in the footsteps of James Clifton Ward, Dr R. A. Smith	587
The Furness of John Bolton: Lindal, Plumpton, Gleaston and Stank, D. A. Kelly	588
Thomas Hay: Glenridding, Dr R. P. K. Clark and Dr R. A. Smith	591
Watch Hill and Elva Plain through the eyes of Tom Eastwood, D. Dickins	593
In Charles Edmonds’ Day: Longlands and Clints, M. B. Dodd	596
The Carboniferous limestones of Yewbarrow and Beck Head, Dr I. Burgess	598
List of other excursions held in 2000	602
EXCURSIONS 2001	603
LECTURE REPORTS 2000 – 2001	604
Eruptions on the volcanic island of Montserrat: monitoring and understanding an explosive volcano, Dr S. Loughlin	604
A tale of two volcanoes: Mount St Helens and Kilauae, Dr R. A. Smith	606
Limestone pavements in Cumbria – their origin and conservation , S. Webb	608
Other lectures	610
LECTURE REPORTS 2001 – 2002	611
Dry stone walls, Dr E. Robinson	611
Volcanic eruptions under Iceland’s glaciers, H. Tuffen	612
Rivers, landforms and man – a system in equilibrium?, Dr S. Bradley	614
Mam Tor, C. Arkwright	616
The ice age in Lakeland, Dr R. A. Smith	620
A geologist in the Andes of Ecuador, Dr R. Hughes	622
Annual General Meetings	624
Annual Dinners	625
The Society Small Awards for Students	626
Obituaries	627

Contents

EDITOR’S NOTES	306
ORIGINAL ARTICLES	307
Introduction – Geological Pioneers in the Lake District	307
Jonathan Otley, Dr Alan Smith	309
Adam Sedgwick, Prof David Oldroyd	315
John Bolton, David Kelly	325
John Ruthven, Dr Alan Smith	329
Robert Harkness, Margaret Fox	333
James Clifton Ward, Dr Alan Smith	341
Henry Alleyne Nicholson, Dennis Dickins	349
John Goodchild and Frederick Trotter, Dr Angus Lunn	353
John Marr, Prof David Oldroyd	361
Alfred Harker, Alfred Harker	381
Edmund Garwood, Murray Mitchell	385
Thomas Hay, Chris Thompson	389
John Green, Margaret Bennett	395
Charles Edmonds, Mervyn Dodd	399
Tom Eastwood, Mervyn Dodd	403
Sydney Hollingworth, Dr Eric Robinson	407
George Mitchell, Dr David Millward and Dr Jack Soper	415
Francis J Monkhouse, Mervyn Dodd and Fred Lawton	421
Edgar Shackleton, Tom Shipp	425
EXCURSION NOTES	429
The Geomorphology of Aughertree Fell, Darrel Swift	429
Evolution of Mountain Summits in Northern Lake District	429
Roughten Gill and Silver Gill Mines	430
The Cockermouth Lavas and other features around Isel	433
The St Bees Sandstone above Barrowmouth	434
Hilton and Scordale Beck	436
The Rigs site at Beck Wythop	437
The Building stones of Keswick	438
The Carboniferous Limestone of Whitbarrow	438
Threlkeld Mining Museum and Quarry	440
Volcanic and Igneous Rocks in Wasdale	442
Geology of the Area around Floutern Tarn	443
List of other excursions held in 1998-99	448
LECTURE NOTES	449
The Geology of the Islay area, Angela Marchant and Margaret Fox	449
Gold mineralisation in the south eastern desert, Egypt	450
The metamorphic history of the Borrowdale Volcanic Group, north-west England, Dr Nicola Meler	451
The geology of the West Cumbria haematite deposits, Mervyn Dodd	455
The Iron Ore Mines of West Cumbria, Mervyn Dodd	457
The 1996 Vatnajokull eruption and Jokulhlaup, Dr Chris Hunt	460
Geophysical logging techniques, Chris Thompson	461
Geology and risk assessment, Dr Jeremy Dearlove	463
Geomorphology in the last millennium, Dr Jeff Warburton	467
Members Evening, The Ries Meteorite Crator, Angela Marchant; Iceland, Mervyn Dodd	472
From Laurussia with love… a tale of ancient cold wars, Dr Nick Riley	473
Short Lectures following the AGM	474
NOTE ON THE RECORD OF ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS, ANNUAL DINNERS, AND OBITUARY NOTICES	477
LIST OF SOCIETY OFFICERS AND COUNCIL – 1999 & 2000	478

Contents

Editor’s Notes	148
A Field Guide to the Penrith Sandstone in the northern part of the Vale of Eden, E Skipsey	149
Did the West Cumbrian hematite deposits form during the break up of the Pangean supercontinent?, Dr J Rowe	164
Thomas Hay, Lake District physiographer, Dr R Clark	171
Origin and significance of a Late Devensian meltwater channel system near Aughertree Fel, northern Cumbria, D Swift	183
The recent investigations into the Quaternary geology of West Cumbria, Dr R Clark & Dr A Smith	203
Building stones of some areas of West Cumbria, M Dodd, M Fox, K & Dr A Smith	226
EXCURSION NOTES	253
The Skiddaw Group in the Buttermere area, Dr Barry Webb	253
Geology of the Scawgill – Spout Force area, Dr Alan Smith	254
Limestone features of the eastern fringe of the Lake District, Tom Shipp	255
Glacigenic features and Coal Measures, Mockerkin and Dean Moor, Dr Mike McCormac	256
Geology of the south Solway coast (Maryport to Dubmil Point), Dennis Dickins	258
Sandstones and fluvial features of the lower Calder Valey, Mervyn Dodd & David Livesey	259
The Low Furness Ordovician Inlier, Dr Eric Johnson	262
The RIGS site at Aughertree Fell, Fred Lawton	265
The west Cumbrian iron ore field, Mervyn Dodd & David Kelly	266
The RIGS sites in Wasdale, David Livesey	269
The Lower Carboniferous in the Shap district, Eric Skipsey	270
Geology of the Sedbergh area, Alan Diggles	271
The RIGS sites at Crummock Water, Alan Smith	272
The Carboniferous and Permo-Triassic of west Cumbria, Mervyn Dodd & David Kelly	273
List of other excursions held in 1996-97	275
LECTURE NOTES	277
The Glacial Deposits of the North of England: The Engineers View, David Hughes	277
The Dynamic Landscape of Greenland, Will Higgs	280
Traces of laepetus – The disappearing ocean, Dr Phil Stone	281
Copper mines of the Lake District, Dave Bridge	284
The restoration of mineral workings, Dr David Kinsman	286
CGS Lectures at Tullie House, CGS Members	288
North Sea oil and gas, Dr Richard Swarbrick	289
Rocks and Glaciers in Arctic Norway, Tom Shipp	291
Deep geology and fault re-activation in northern England, Dr Andy Chadwick	293
Minerals of Cumbria and the North Pennines: A brief collecting guide, Tony Rigby	295
The Pattern of English Building, Prof E. Robinson	297
Annual General Meetings, 1997-98	299
Annual Dinners, 1996-97	299
Obituaries	300
Donations	301
LIST OF SOCIETY OFFICERS AND COUNCIL – 1997 & 1998	302

Contents

EDITORIAL	179
An illustrated guide to the Silurian (Ludlow) crinoids of the Southern Lake District Stephen K. Donovan and David N. Lewis	180
Alfred Wainwright and Lakeland Geology Alan Smith	192
Cosmogenic isotope surface exposure dating of glacial landforms in Cumbria Peter Wilson	203
Some Coal Measures exposures at Whitehaven David Kelly, Fred Lawton, David Steele	233
Excursion Reports 2012	243
Excursion Reports 2013	248
Lecture Meetings 2011-12	267
Lecture Meetings 2012-13	268
Lecture Meetings 2013-14	270
Annual Dinners	271
Annual General Meetings 2013 & 2014	271
Obituaries	272
Officers and Council	275